Soil and land Suitability Assessments towards Sustainable Rice Production in the Northern Zone of Ghana

Rice has become the second most important cereal crop and a primary staple food in Ghana. However, domestic rice production falls below its demand, resulting in over 50% rice import per annum. The Government of Ghana has responded by introducing policies to intensify domestic rice production, especially in Ghana's northern zone, where over 50% of local rice is produced. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify and classify soils within the catchment areas of Lonto, Sabonjida, Buntum, Djadema and Wiesi towns in Northern Ghana. The soils were then evaluated for their suitability for valley rice production, under irrigation. The study identified eight soil types (Lima, Lima-variant, Sirru, Lapliki, Kpelesawgu, Changnalili, Kasele and Wenchi series) in the selected study areas. Lima series was the most extensive soil type and was found at all the sites except Djadema site. The soils were generally rated moderately suitable for rice, with the most suitable soils being Sirru and Lapliki series. Groundwater lateritic soils of Changnalili and Kasele series were rated not to be suitable. The general fertility of the soils was low, which calls for sound soil nutrient and water management. The study is expected to serve as baseline information to help guide decisions of improving per capita rice yield and reducing household food insecurity and poverty levels in Northern Ghana.