Risk Factors for Asymptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients, a Cross-Sectional Study at Tertiary care Hospital

Aims: The study was conducted to check the association of risk factors with asymptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in local population.

Study Design: Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine in public sector university from 14th June 2013 to 13th December 2014.

Methodology: Male & female patients with ≥ 35 years of age, having type II diabetes mellitus for ≥ 5 years duration were included in the study. Enrolled patients were evaluated for peripheral artery disease by doing color Doppler study and their Ankle-brachial index was calculated. Ankle-brachial index < 0.9 was criteria for Peripheral arterial disease. Data was analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 21.

Results: Of 385 consecutive patients, 212 (55%) were male and 173 (45%) were female. 134 (34.8%) patients had peripheral artery disease. Mean age of PAD patients was 46.52 ± 8.67 years. The Proportion of males was 64.2% for PAD and 50.2% for Non-PAD patients. Association was found between peripheral artery disease and gender (male); OR 1.77 (1.15- 2.73), Age; OR 0.96 (0.93 - 0.99), smoking; OR 6.96 (3.45- 14.03) Hba1C; OR 2.74 (1.83 - 4.13), with significant P-value of 0.01, 0.04, < 0.001 and < 0.001 respectively.

Conclusion: Asymptomatic peripheral artery disease is common in type 2 Diabetic patients particularly those who are aged male, have uncontrolled diabetes, has longer duration and are smokers as well.