Dose Response of Viola odorata on Meiotic and Mitotic Chromosomes of Vicia faba

Aims: Viola odorata is a medicinally important plant. It contains bioactive principle viz violin and probably methyl salicylic ester.The present study was designed to analyze the effect of different doses of this medicinal plant extract on meiotic and mitotic chromosomes of Vicia faba.
Study Design: In this study, different concentrations (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, & 50 %) of Viola odorata extract were applied for 4, 8, 12 and 24h on Vicia faba plant. Effect of these concentrations was studied on the meiotic and mitotic chromosomes. Gesticulate negative activity of herbal medicine was observed under the effect of different concentrations of the extract.
Place and Duration of Study: The extract of Viola odorata was prepared in the laboratory. Study was performed from January, 2011 to December, 2012.
Methodology: Flower bud treatment method was applied for meiotic analysis and seed soaked & root tip treatment methods were used for mitotic analysis. Mitotic and meiotic chromosome indicated various abnormalities against different doses. Cytotoxicity was inferred when the Mitotic index (dividing cells/1000 scored) of treated cells was significantly different (P<0.05) from control.
Results: The percent of their abnormalities increase with increasing dose (5-50%) and time (4-24 hours) dependent. Low dose treatment of buds caused increase in mitotic index. Treated roots were found negatively affected with no exception and found more harmful and effective compared to seed soaked treatment. Stickiness was more frequent than other abnormalities.
Conclusion: Vicia faba chromosome analysis is indicative of clastogenic action of Viola odorata. Thus, results of the present study suggest the doses of Viola odorata extract to verify the toxic properties before using for treatment.